Weather Words: Coastal Erosion

Coastlines are constantly changing. Waves continuously wash ashore and pull sand out to sea. When more sand is pulled away than is naturally replaced, the process is called coastal erosion.

Coastal erosion is the process by which shorelines are worn away by natural forces such as waves, tides and wind. Over time, the constant movement of water can strip away sand, rocks and soil, reshaping beaches and cliffs. While some erosion happens slowly, strong storms and high tides can accelerate the process, sometimes dramatically altering coastlines in just a few hours.

Several factors contribute to coastal erosion. The strength and direction of waves, the slope of the beach, the type of sediment, and human activity all play a role. Coastal development, such as seawalls or piers, can unintentionally increase erosion in nearby areas by changing how water flows along the shore.

The effects of coastal erosion are both natural and human-centered. Beaches can shrink, cliffs can collapse and wildlife habitats may be lost. For humans, erosion threatens homes, roads and tourism infrastructure.

Scientists and engineers study erosion patterns to predict changes and create solutions like beach nourishment or natural barriers to protect vulnerable coastlines. Understanding coastal erosion helps us appreciate the dynamic forces shaping our planet and the importance of preserving coastal environments.

Jennifer Gray is a weather and climate writer for weather.com. She has been covering some of the world's biggest weather and climate stories for the last two decades.